Combined flip cutter and drill

ABSTRACT

A flip cutter and drill instrument and method of antegrade drilling and retrograde cutting using such an instrument. The flip cutter and drill instrument is provided with a drill which has a multi-blade configuration and which engages an inner tube or inner member of the instrument to articulate between at least a first “straight” position (for example, about parallel to the longitudinal axis of the instrument) when the instrument is in the drilling mode, and at least a second “flip” position (for example, a non-parallel position relative to the longitudinal axis of the instrument) when the instrument is in the cutting mode.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/033,252, filed Mar. 3, 2008, the entire disclosure of which is incorporated by reference herein. This application is also a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/114,599, filed May 2, 2008, which in turn claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/915,607, filed May 2, 2007, the entire disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to arthroscopic surgical methods and instruments and, more specifically, to a combined cutting and drilling instrument and methods of retrograde repairs and reconstructions.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

During arthroscopic surgery, a small incision is made in the skin covering the arthroscopic site or joint so that surgical instruments may be placed in the joint and manipulated through arthroscopic visualization. As only a very small incision is made during arthroscopic surgery, it is often difficult to handle instruments within the joint capsule, where visibility and access to the structures of the joint capsule is minimal. It is also difficult to manipulate instruments during the formation of a recipient site socket (for example, a femoral or tibial tunnel) during reconstructive surgery, with minimal bone loss and reduced intraarticular bone fragmentation of tunnel rims.

Accordingly, a need exists for a surgical drilling/cutting instrument that is configured to allow improved handling of the instrument within a joint capsule, for example the knee capsule, during ACL reconstruction. A need also exists for a surgical cutter that is stable during knee arthroscopy during the cutting mode, and that also provides drilling of femoral and tibial sockets or tunnels.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a combined flip cutter and drill instrument that is designed to function in both a drilling mode and a cutting mode. The flip cutter and drill of the present invention is provided with a cutting member with multiple cutting edges which engages the shaft of the instrument to articulate between at least a first “straight” position (for example, about parallel to the longitudinal axis of the instrument) and at least a second “flip” position (for example, a non-parallel position relative to the longitudinal axis of the instrument).

The combined flip cutter and drill of the present invention may be employed in a regular manner (when in the drilling mode, for example), or in a retrograde manner (when in the cutting mode, for example) to form a recipient socket (to accommodate an osteochondral transplant, or to allow retrograde fixation of a graft within two sockets, for example).

These and other features and advantages of the invention will be more apparent from the following detailed description that is provided in connection with the accompanying drawings and illustrated exemplary embodiments of the invention.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a side view of the combined flip cutter and drill of the present invention;

FIG. 2 illustrates an enlarged view of the combined flip cutter and drill of FIG. 1, with the drill end in the “straight” (or drilling mode) configuration;

FIG. 3 illustrates an enlarged view of the actuating mechanism of the combined flip cutter and drill of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 illustrates an enlarged view of the combined flip cutter and drill of FIG. 1, with the drill end in the “flip” (or cutting mode) configuration;

FIG. 5 illustrates another perspective view of the combined flip cutter and drill of the present invention;

FIG. 6 illustrates an enlarged view of the distal end of the combined flip cutter and drill of FIG. 1, with the drill end in the “straight” (or drilling mode) configuration;

FIG. 7 illustrates an enlarged view of the distal end of the combined flip cutter and drill of FIG. 1, with the drill end in the “flip” (or cutting mode) configuration; and

FIG. 8 illustrates an enlarged view of the distal end of the combined flip cutter and drill of FIG. 1, with the outer tube in a retracted position to show the pivoting axis.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The following description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make and use the invention and sets forth the best modes contemplated by the inventors of carrying out their invention. Various modifications, however, will remain readily apparent to those skilled in the art.

The present invention provides a combined flip cutter and drill instrument that is designed to function in either a drilling mode or a cutting mode. The flip cutter and drill of the present invention is provided with a drill which has a conical, multi-blade configuration and which engages the shaft of the instrument to articulate between at least a first “straight” position (for example, about parallel to the longitudinal axis of the instrument) and at least a second “flip” position (for example, a non-parallel position relative to the longitudinal axis of the instrument).

The flip cutter and drill of the present invention may be employed in a regular manner (when in the drilling mode or “straight” position, for example), or in a retrograde manner (when in the cutting mode or “flip” position for example) to form a recipient socket (to accommodate an osteochondral transplant, or to allow retrograde fixation of a graft within two sockets, for example).

Referring now to the drawings, where like elements are designated by like reference numerals, FIGS. 1-8 illustrate various components of a combined flip cutter and drill 100 of the present invention. The flip cutter and drill 100 of the present invention is similar to the flip retrograde cutting instrument 100 of U.S. application Ser. No. 12/114,599, filed May 2, 2008 (the disclosure of which is incorporated in its entirety herewith) but differs in that blade 5 of the flip retrograde cutter 100 is replaced by a drill or cutter 50 which is conical with a plurality of edges 52 (FIGS. 2 and 4) and/or has a plurality of blades with sharp cutting edges 52 (FIGS. 6-8), as described in more detail below, to allow drilling both in a regular manner (in an antegrade manner) and in a retrograde manner.

The flip cutter and drill 100 includes a cannulated elongated body 10 having a distal end 12 and a proximal end 13, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 5. The body 10 of the flip cutter and drill 100 includes a cannulated shaft or outer tube 11 provided at its distal end 12. The outer tube 11 houses an inner tube or inner member 17 (as shown in more detail in FIG. 8, for example) provided with a drill 50 having a plurality of cutting edges 52 (as shown in FIG. 2, for example). Details of specific exemplary embodiments of the drill 50 of the flip cutter and drill 100 are illustrated in FIGS. 2, 4 and 6-8; however, the invention contemplates other shapes and geometries for the drill 50.

Drill 50 illustrated in detail in FIGS. 2, 4 and 6-8 is configured to engage the shaft or inner tube 17 of the instrument 100 and to articulate between at least first and second positions. In an exemplary embodiment, drill 50 engages inner tube 17 in a first or “straight” position (for example, about parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cutting instrument 100), as shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 6. In the “straight” configuration, instrument 100 functions in the antegrade drilling mode.

In an exemplary embodiment, drill 50 engages the shaft of the instrument in a second or “flip” position (for example, a non-parallel position relative to the longitudinal axis of the cutting instrument 100), as shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 7. In the “flip” configuration, instrument 100 functions in the cutting mode (for example, retrograde cutting). The non-parallel position shown in FIGS. 4, 5 and 7 is about perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the cutting instrument 100; however, the present invention contemplates embodiments wherein drill 50 forms any angle with the shaft (for example, an angle between about 10 to about 170 degrees relative to the longitudinal axis of the cutting instrument 100, as shown in FIG. 8, for example).

In use, once the drilling/cutting instrument 100 is inserted into a joint, for example, a knee joint, the surgeon rotates (in the direction of arrow “A” of FIG. 3) actuating mechanism 60 to pivot the cutting drill 50 into the “flip” configuration (i.e., into a position other than the “straight” position), wherein the cutting tip is disposed at an angle of about 90 degrees with respect to the shaft of the instrument. The surgeon may also gradually increase or decrease the angle, as desired and in accordance with the characteristics of the surgical site. Once the drill is articulated in the desired “flip” position, the drill is preferably locked in position by tightening the tube 11. A drilling operation (when the instrument is in the “straight” position) or a retrograde cutting operation (when the instrument is in the “flip” position) may be subsequently carried, as desired and as known in the art.

As detailed in U.S. application Ser. No. 12/114,599, filed May 2, 2008 (the disclosure of which is incorporated in its entirety herewith), actuating mechanism 60 comprises a driver end 1, a nut 2, a hub 3, a locking tube 4, a retainer ring 7, and two pins (a slotted spring pin 9 and a pin 10).

The present invention may be used to form various sockets or tunnels to allow fixation of a graft (for example, a semitendonosus allograft) or to allow replacement of osteochondral cores or implants in a retrograde manner, to obviate inserting harvesters into the joint. For example, drilling/cutting instrument 100 of the present invention may be employed for the formation of sockets during an “all-inside ACL RetroConstruction™” for ligament repair, which may comprise, for example, the steps of: (i) drilling at least a femoral and tibial tunnel or socket using a retrograde drill technique employing the drilling/cutting instrument 100 of FIGS. 1-8; (ii) providing a graft (soft tissue graft or BTB graft) in the vicinity of the sockets; and (iii) securing the graft within the femoral and tibial tunnels (sockets).

According to yet another embodiment, an exemplary method of ACL RetroConstruction™ of the present invention comprises, for example, the steps of: (i) drilling a femoral socket; (ii) drilling a tibial tunnel or socket using a retrodrill technique employing the drilling/cutting instrument 100 of FIGS. 1-8; (iii) providing a graft (soft tissue graft or BTB graft) in the vicinity of the sockets; (iv) securing the graft (soft tissue graft or BTB graft) to a continuous loop/button construct comprising a button with an oblong configuration and provided with an inside eyelet that allows the passage of the continuous loop, preferably a suture loop; (v) passing the graft with the button through the femoral tunnel; (vi) securing the button to the femoral cortex once the button exits the femoral socket; and (vii) securing the graft in the tibial tunnel or socket.

Although the present invention has been described in connection with preferred embodiments, many modifications and variations will become apparent to those skilled in the art. While preferred embodiments of the invention have been described and illustrated above, it should be understood that these are exemplary of the invention and are not to be considered as limiting. It is preferred, therefore, that the present invention be limited not by the specific disclosure herein, but only by the appended claims. 

1. A surgical instrument comprising: a shaft having a distal end, a proximal end and a longitudinal axis; and a cutting member with a plurality of cutting edges provided at the distal end of the shaft and securely engaged to the shaft, the cutting member being capable of movement from a first position generally aligned with the longitudinal axis of the body to a second position which is not aligned with the longitudinal axis.
 2. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the cutting member has a conical configuration.
 3. The surgical instrument of clam 1, wherein the cutting member is formed of a plurality of blades.
 4. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the cutting member is configured to antegrade drill when in the first position, and to retrodrill cut when in the second position.
 5. The surgical instrument of claim 1 further comprising: a hub attached to a proximal end of a locking tube; a driver end having screw threads in a portion near a distal end of the driver end and a cannula at the distal end of the driver end, a proximal end of the shaft being inserted into the cannula; and a nut to securely engage the screw threads of the driver end and the hub.
 6. The surgical instrument of claim 1 further comprising a locking tube over the shaft, the locking tube having a slot at its distal end to securely lock the cutting member in a given position.
 7. The surgical instrument of claim 6, wherein the locking tube is retracted by rotating the nut.
 8. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the cutting member is configured to flip when moving from the first position to the second position.
 9. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the cutting member has a maximum cutting diameter of about 6 mm to about 13 mm.
 10. The surgical instrument of claim 1, wherein the shaft is made of stainless steel.
 11. A flip cutter and drill instrument, comprising: a cannulated elongated body having a proximal end, a distal end and a longitudinal axis; a cutting tip located at the most distal end of the body, the cutting tip having a plurality of cutting edges, the cutting tip being capable of pivoting from a first position generally aligned with the longitudinal axis of the body to a second position which is not aligned with the longitudinal axis; and an actuating mechanism located at a proximal end of the body, for articulating the cutting tip from the first position to the second position.
 12. The flip cutter and drill instrument of claim 11, wherein the cutting tip is configured to drill when in the first position, and to retrodrill cut when in the second position.
 13. The flip cutter and drill instrument of claim 11, wherein the actuating mechanism further comprises a locking tube, a hub attached to a proximal end of a locking tube, a driver end having screw threads in a portion near a distal end of the driver end, and a nut to securely engage the screw threads of the driver end and the hub.
 14. A method of socket formation comprising: providing a flip cutter and drill instrument in the vicinity of an articular joint cavity, the instrument comprising a shaft having a distal end, a proximal end and a longitudinal axis; and a cutting member with a plurality of cutting edges provided at the distal end of the shaft and securely engaged to the shaft, the cutting member being capable of movement from a first position generally aligned with the longitudinal axis of the body to a second position which is not aligned with the longitudinal axis; drilling a first tunnel or socket in an antegrade manner with the cutting member; and drilling a second tunnel or socket in a retrograde manner with the cutting member without removing the cutting member from the articular joint cavity.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the step of drilling the second tunnel further comprises articulating the cutting member from the first position to the second position.
 16. The method of claim 14, wherein the cutting member is articulated to an angle of about 10° to about 170° to the longitudinal axis of the shaft of the instrument when the cutting member is in the second position.
 17. The method of claim 14, wherein the second position is a flip position. 